Maximilian Reinelt started his career as a member of the German eights in 2006, finishing second at the World Junior Championships. He had already competed in international competitions with the coxless pairs, but Reinelt was first appointed to the German senior eights in 2010, after which he became a permanent member of the crew. Reinelt was World Champion in 2010 and 2011, Olympic Champion at London in 2012, and in 2016 won a silver medal in Rio de Janeiro.
In 2016 Reinelt was awarded the Silver Laurel Leaf by German Federal President. After the 2016 season Reinelt ended his active career in rowing and concentrated on his medical studies. In 2019 he died at age 30 while cross-country skiing in Switzerland.