In the 1950s and 1960s Jorge Luque was a pioneer of cycling in his native Colombia where he dedicated himself to the sport from a young age. His first major success came in 1955 when Luque won the national road race championship, with him being a complete unknown at the time. This was followed by his passion of riding in the Vuelta a Colombia, finishing second overall in 1956 and third in 1957, with him also winning the king of the mountains classification. He also competed at the Olympics in Melbourne in 1956 but he failed to finish in the road race after suffering from the effects of a heavy fall. Luque had further success in the 1960s, winning the overall classification at the Vuelta a Guatemala in 1960 and winning another stage of the Vuelta a Colombia in 1964.