Born in Berehove, Zakarpattia, Ukraine, which was a part of Hungary at that time, Mária Gulácsy grew up in Budapest, where her family moved after Berehove became a part of the Soviet Union in early 1946. She took up fencing in 1957 and was on the Hungarian national team from 1962-68. Gulácsy won all her international honors in the team event. She won Olympic team silver in 1968, was on the team world champions in 1962 and 1967, and won a team silver at the 1966 World Championships. Gulácsy retired from sports in 1972 and later worked as a high school grammar teacher in Budapest until her retirement in 1996.