Raúl Cicero was born in El Salvador in 1926 before moving to Mexico where he became a champion fencer and a professor in pulmonology and thoracic surgery. From 1954 to 1966 Cicero won eight medals at the Central American and Caribbean Games, including a team épée gold in 1962 in Kingston, Jamaica. He competed in the individual foil tournament at the 1960 Roma Olympics where he reached the second round of the competition. He returned to the Olympics for the 1968 Mexico City Games where he officiated in matches in the individual and team épée competitions.
Cicero graduated from the National School of Medicine in Mexico City in 1950 and specialised in pulmonology and cardiothoracic surgery. He worked as the deputy chief of the general hospital in Mexico City and was a consultant in pulmonology at the National Institute of Medical and Nutritional Sciences. Cicero later became the President of both the Mexican Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery and the National Council of Pulmonology.