Field handball was only part of the Olympic program once, at the 1936 Berlin Games. The German Reich dominated their two preliminary round matches, beating Hungary 22-0 and then the USA 29-1, before winning all three matches in the final round, including a 10-6 win over Austria in the deciding match that won the gold medal. Alfred Klingler played three matches in Berlin including the deciding match against Austria, and scored 17 goals, four of them in the Austrian game.
He was also a member of the German team that won the inaugural World Championship on home soil in 1938 and he won 12 international caps. With his home club Polizei-SV Magdeburg he won the German Championship in 1935. After World War II Klingler became coach at SF RW Rohrbach.