Róża Kajzer was a one of the leading Polish swimmers of the 1920s. After leaving school Kajzer worked as a telephone switchboard operator for a coal mining company and took up swimming in 1923. The following year at the Polish Championships Kajzer won the gold medal in the 200 metres breaststroke. From 1924 to 1930 Kajzer won a total of 12 Polish titles across multiple distances. At the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics Kajzer swam in the 200 metres breaststroke. She finished in last place in her heat and did not advance to the semi-finals. Despite her lack of success at the Olympics Kajzer set a total of 28 national records.