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Giuseppe D’Altrui started his water polo career with Rari Nantes of Napoli before moving to Fiamme Oro, Roma. He enjoyed his first success in the national team at the 1955 Mediterranean Games in Barcelona, when he won the gold medal just one year after his international début. A member of the Italian team that finished fourth at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, he collected a Mediterranean Games silver in 1959 before capturing the Olympic gold medal at Roma in 1960, when D’Altrui captained the side. He was still an active member of the national side in 1963 when Italy won their second Mediterranean title, in his home-town Napoli. Another Olympic fourth place followed at Tokyo a year later before D’Altrui bowed out of international competition with 75 caps. After ending his playing career, he coached many teams including Salerno, Mameli, Pescara and Chiavari. In 2015 he was honoured with the Collare d’Oro for sports merit.