Mahmoud Salem was a player with Zamalek when they were runner-up in the Egypt Cup in 1928, losing to Al-Ahly 0-1. This led to his selection to represent his country in the football tournament at that year’s Amsterdam Olympics, where Egypt came in fourth after losing the bronze medal match to Italy. Salem, however, did not see any playing time. His time as a footballer was brief, and he had retired from active competition by the early 1930s. He later focused on his career as an agricultural engineer in the Minya Governorate. He eventually retired to the Heliopolis district of Cairo.