Sven Bergquist had a long career, lasting from 1932 to 1948, during which time he played mostly in the colors of Hammarby IF, although he had a brief stint with AIK Solna in the 1935/36 season and finished his career with a few games playing for Djurgårdens IF. Bergquist started out as a forward but moved to defense as he got older. He competed at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics and the 1935 and 1938 World Championships. Bergquist became a coach, notably leading the Swedish hockey team at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
Bergquist was also on the Swedish national football team and appeared at the 1936 Berlin Olympics as a goaltender. An excellent all-around athlete, he also played bandy for Sweden, and was at the Swedish national level in handball, bowling, and table tennis. A car accident in December 1955 left him confined to a wheelchair for the remainder of his life. Bergquist was inducted into the Swedish Hockey and the IIHF Halls of Fame.