Claude Blanchard was 18-years-old when he began his professional ice hockey career with AC Boulogne-Billancourt, becoming the French cadet and junior champion with the team. With the senior team Blanchard finished as a runner-up in the French championship in 1963, repeating this for the next two seasons. By 1969 he had joined HC St. Gervais, before finishing his career with US Metro in 1971. From 1966 to 1971 Blanchard was also part of the French national ice hockey team, playing at the 1968 Grenoble Olympics and the World Championships in 1970 and 1971.