| Games | Athlete/Team | Placement | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 Summer Olympics | Ayelech Worku | 12 | |
| Merima Denboba | 8 h2 r1/2 | ||
| Luchia Yishak | 13 h1 r1/2 | ||
| 2000 Summer Olympics | Gete Wami | 3 | Bronze |
| Ayelech Worku | 4 | ||
| Werknesh Kidane | 7 | ||
| 2004 Summer Olympics | Meseret Defar | 1 | Gold |
| Tirunesh Dibaba | 3 | Bronze | |
| Sentayehu Ejigu | 10 | ||
| 2008 Summer Olympics | Tirunesh Dibaba | 1 | Gold |
| Meseret Defar | 2 | Silver | |
| Meselech Melkamu | 7 | ||
| 2012 Summer Olympics | Meseret Defar | 1 | Gold |
| Tirunesh Dibaba | 3 | Bronze | |
| Gelete Burka | 5 | ||
| 2016 Summer Olympics | Almaz Ayana | 3 | Bronze |
| Senbere Teferi | 5 | ||
| Ababel Yeshaneh | 14 | ||
| 2020 Summer Olympics | Gudaf Tsegay | 3 | Bronze |
| Ejgayehu Taye | 5 | ||
| Senbere Teferi | 6 | ||
| 2024 Summer Olympics | Ejgayehu Taye | 6 | |
| Medina Eisa Kumanda | 7 | ||
| Gudaf Tsegay | 9 |