During the 1960s Robert Dumontois rowed for Cercle de l’Aviron de Lyon and represented France at two Olympic Games. At the 1960 Roma Olympics Dumontois was part of the French crew that won the silver medal in the coxed fours when they finished just behind the Unified Team of Germany. At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics Dumontois had switched to the eights where the French team finished in seventh place after winning the B Final ahead of Australia.
Between his two Olympic appearances Dumontois won bronze at both the European and World Rowing Championships. In 1961 in Praha he was part of the French team that finished in third place in the eight. The following year the almost identical crew won bronze in the eight at the World Championships in Lucerne.