Romana Calligaris was the top Italian female swimmer in the years after World War II. She was a seven-time national champion between 1947 and 1953 and set 14 Italian records over various distances. Calligaris first appeared with the Italian national team at a dual meet against Spain in Barcelona in 1947. She swam at the 1947 and 1950 European Championships before her Olympic appearance in 1952 and earned 19 international caps. Calligaris died at age 77. A swim meet and swimming pool in the Bruno Bianchi Swimming Centre in Trieste are named in her honor.