Anatoly Perov rose into prominence in 1945 when he won the Soviet Junior Championships as a light-heavyweight. As a senior, Perov started to compete as a heavyweight, but was not very successful domestically, winning only silvers at the Soviet Championships in 1948 and 1950 and a bronze in 1949, so in 1951 he switched back to light-heavyweight. In 1952, Perov won his only Soviet title, taking silver as a light-heavyweight in 1953 and bronze in 1954. In 1952, Perov competed in his only international tournament, taking bronze as a light-heavyweight at the 1952 Olympics. Perov retired from boxing in 1955, with a record of 111 wins from a 130 bouts.