Jiří Tožička started his career playing for Slavia Praha, where he also played football during the summer. After a short spell with Sparta Praha he joined the newly formed LTC Praha, where he was a part of one of Europe’s best forward lines together with Karel Hromádka and Josef Maleček. With Tožička, LTC won five consecutive national titles from 1931-35 and the prestigious Spengler Cup three times, in 1929-30 and 1932. The 1928 Winter Olympics were his first major international tournament, but in 1929 he helped Czechoslovakia win the European Championships. Until his last major tournament, the 1936 Winter Olympics, he regularly represented his country at European and World Championships, winning a second European title and bronze at the World Championships, both in 1933. He played a total of 51 games wearing the Czechoslovakian colors, scoring 16 goals. Tožička finished off his career with 1. ČLTK Praha acting as a player-coach, and winning the title of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia after German occupation. His career lasted from 1921-41.
After World War II Tožička worked as a coach and in 1946 and 1947 led his old club LTC Praha to the national title. He later led the newly formed Czechoslovakian team to fourth place at the 1952 Winter Olympics. Tožička then concentrated on training younger players in Kladno and Praha.