The ice hockey career of Sylwester Wilczek spanned from 1951 to 1971, with him winning 13 medals at the Polish Championships, including six golds. Wilczek played for teams based in Katowice, including Gwardia, Górnik, and GKS, where he was inducted into the GKS Katowice Hockey Hall of Fame. He also played in 94 matches with the Polish national team, including seven editions of the World Championships and the 1964 Innsbruck Olympics. Following his retirement from the sport Wilczek worked as a coach at GKS Katowice, Naprzód Janów, and the Polish youth national team. In 1986 he was awarded the Gold Cross of Merit and the Medal for Merit to the Polish Hockey Federation.