Like his younger brother Vladimir, Aleksandr Golikov played with three clubs during his career – 1971-73: Dizelist Penza, 1973-77: Khimik Voskrosensk, and 1977-85: Dynamo Moskva. Aleksandr Golikov never won a Soviet title, but was runner-up four times (1977-80) and won bronze three times (1981-83). In 1977 and 1979 he was also selected as part of the best line at the Soviet Championships, in the latter year with his brother Vladimir. Internationally Aleksandr Golikov won Olympic silver in 1980, was a two-time World Champion (1978-79) and once a European champion (1979). He also won silver at the 1976 and bronze at the 1977 World Championships and silvers at the 1976 and 1978 and bronze at the 1977 European Championships. In 1979 he played on the winning Soviet Union team in the Challenge Cup between the Soviet Union and NHL All-Stars and in 1976 won a bronze at the Canada Cup. After his sporting career, Aleksandr Golikov worked as a hockey coach, with both the Russian Junior and U18 teams and been head coach of Khimik Voskrosensk and Molot-Prikamye Perm.