Breaking

Breaking is a form of freelance street dancing, also known as breakdancing, or more colloquially, B-boying or B-girling. It became well known in the United States after forms of breakdancing were shown in the movie Flashdance, but it had been around in various forms since the 1970s and is popular in many countries.

Breaking first emerged in the early 1970s on the streets of the Bronx, New York. In this challenging environment, the Afro-American, Latin, and Puerto Rican communities kept a rich musical diversity alive, invoking salsa, funk, disco, and mambo.

Breaking is a dance battle where B-boys and B-girls (the dancers) face off in duels on a cypher (a circular stage), accompanied by a DJ’s music and the encouragement of an MC (Master of Ceremonies). Dancers must perform acrobatic moves on the ground or in the air to earn the votes of nine judges, who will determine the winner by majority decision.

The dance style is characterized by a series of specific movements: “toprocks” (standing movements), “footworks” (groundwork), “freezes” (frozen poses), and “powermoves” (acrobatic moves). These elements are executed with style, fluidity, and a strong connection to the music. The dance is often practiced solo or in teams during “battles,” where dancers showcase their creativity and technique.

Breaking was on the programme of the 2018 Youth Olympic Games, and made its début on the Olympic Programme at the 2024 Paris Olympics, with one event for men and one for women. As of 2024, it is not on the schedule for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.

The sport is governed by the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF). As of 2024, WDSF had 98 members (including 77 NOC-recognized members). World Championships in breaking have been contested since 2019, with European Championships beginning in 2021.